Module 4: Studying Gene Expressions by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)

Equipment and Materials

Growing and harvesting Arabidopsis leaves

  • Arabidopsis seeds (Arabidopsis thaliana, accession Col-O)
  • 10 cm square pots
  • Miracle-Gro Potting Mix (Scotts Company LLC, Bergen, NY)
  • Window screen mesh (New York Wire, Mt. Wolf, PA)
  • Conviron E15 growth chamber (Conviron, Winnipeg, Canada) set at 23°C, 60% relative humidity, and 120 µmol/m2sec light with a long-day photoperiod (14 hr light, 10 hr dark)
  • Cardboard and black 55-gallon trash bags
  • 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes
  • Liquid N2

Week 1

Total RNA isolation and quantification

  • Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA)
  • RNase-free water
  • NanoDrop™ One microvolume UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE) or similar

Formaldehyde gel electrophoresis

All solutions and glasswares are treated with 0.1% DEPC (Diethyl pyrocarbonate) as described in Appendix B.

  • RNA Millenium™ Markers (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA)
  • Agarose (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE )
  • 20X F.A. gel buffer (400 mM 3-[N-morpholino]propanesulfonic acid or MOPS, a Good’s buffer; 100 mM sodium acetate; 20 mM EDTA, pH to 7.0 with NaOH)
  • 1X F.A. gel running buffer (50 ml 20x F.A. gel buffer; 20 ml 37% (12.3 M) formaldehyde and bring up to 1 liter with RNase-free water treated with DEPC (See Appendix A)).
  • 5X RNA loading buffer (16 µl saturated aqueous bromophenol blue solution; 80 µl 500 mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 720 µl 37% (12.3 M) formaldehyde; 2 ml 100% glycerol; 3.084 ml formamide; 4 ml 10X F.A. gel buffer and bring up to 10 ml with RNase-free water)
  • GelRed (Phenix Research Products, Candler, NC)
  • Mini-Sub Cell G.T. Systems and power supply (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA)

Week 2

Reverse transcription, the first strand of cDNA synthesis

  • Verso cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE)
  • Individual 0.2 ml thin wall PCR tube (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA)
  • CFX Connect™ Real-time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad USA, Hercules, CA) or similar
  • Ice chests

qPCR

  • Strips of eight 0.2 ml thin wall PCR tubes per strip (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA)
  • CFX Connect™ Real-time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad USA, Hercules, CA) or similar
  • GoTaq qPCR Master Mix (Promega US. Madison, WI)
  • qPCR primer sets (Table 4-1)
Table 4-1. Oligonucleotides for qPCR and their PCR product
Name Sequence (5′ → 3′) PCR product (bp)
ACTIN2-F TCGGTGGTTCCATTCTTGCT 135
ACTIN2-R GCTTTTTAAGCCTTTGATCTTGAGAG
18S rRNA-F AATTGTTGGTCTTCAACGAGGAA 73
18S rRNA-R AAAGGGCAGGGACGTAGTCAA
AtRBCS1A-F AATTTCCGGACTTAACGTTTGTTT 69
AtRBCS1A-R CATCAGACAGTTGAGAATCCGATAGA
AtRBCS3B-F CCTATTGTCTGTGTTCTTTTTCTCTTTATG 99
AtRBCS3B-R TCAAGACGCACGGATATATAAATTACA
F: forward primer, R: reverse primer

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Molecular Techniques Copyright © 2026 by Ming-Mei Chang is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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